Second-generation antibacterial benzimidazole ureas: discovery of a preclinical candidate with reduced metabolic liability

J Med Chem. 2014 Nov 13;57(21):8792-816. doi: 10.1021/jm500563g. Epub 2014 Oct 28.

Abstract

Compound 3 is a potent aminobenzimidazole urea with broad-spectrum Gram-positive antibacterial activity resulting from dual inhibition of bacterial gyrase (GyrB) and topoisomerase IV (ParE), and it demonstrates efficacy in rodent models of bacterial infection. Preclinical in vitro and in vivo studies showed that compound 3 covalently labels liver proteins, presumably via formation of a reactive metabolite, and hence presented a potential safety liability. The urea moiety in compound 3 was identified as being potentially responsible for reactive metabolite formation, but its replacement resulted in loss of antibacterial activity and/or oral exposure due to poor physicochemical parameters. To identify second-generation aminobenzimidazole ureas devoid of reactive metabolite formation potential, we implemented a metabolic shift strategy, which focused on shifting metabolism away from the urea moiety by introducing metabolic soft spots elsewhere in the molecule. Aminobenzimidazole urea 34, identified through this strategy, exhibits similar antibacterial activity as that of 3 and did not label liver proteins in vivo, indicating reduced/no potential for reactive metabolite formation.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / chemical synthesis*
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / metabolism
  • Benzimidazoles / chemical synthesis*
  • Benzimidazoles / metabolism
  • DNA Gyrase / metabolism
  • DNA Topoisomerase IV / antagonists & inhibitors
  • Drug Design
  • Enzyme Inhibitors / chemical synthesis*
  • Enzyme Inhibitors / metabolism
  • Humans
  • Microbial Sensitivity Tests
  • Microsomes, Liver / metabolism
  • Structure-Activity Relationship
  • Topoisomerase II Inhibitors / metabolism
  • Urea / analogs & derivatives
  • Urea / chemical synthesis
  • Urea / metabolism

Substances

  • Anti-Bacterial Agents
  • Benzimidazoles
  • Enzyme Inhibitors
  • Topoisomerase II Inhibitors
  • Urea
  • DNA Topoisomerase IV
  • DNA Gyrase